This is a simple solution to your request. The user specifies the date of the desired Monday, and the script creates a list which is coerced to text.
set startingDate to date "September 13, 2021"
set dateList to {date string of startingDate}
repeat with i from 1 to 4
set theDate to startingDate + i * days
set end of dateList to date string of theDate
end repeat
dateList --> {"Monday, September 13, 2021", "Tuesday, September 14, 2021", "Wednesday, September 15, 2021", "Thursday, September 16, 2021", "Friday, September 17, 2021"}
set {TID, text item delimiters} to {text item delimiters, linefeed}
set dateList to dateList as text
set text item delimiters to TID
dateList
This script uses a starting date of the Monday of the current week. It’s clumsy and I suspect there’s a much better solution.
set theCurrentDate to (current date)
set theWeekday to weekday of theCurrentDate
if theWeekday = Monday then
set startingDate to theCurrentDate
else if theWeekday = Tuesday then
set startingDate to theCurrentDate - 1 * days
else if theWeekday = Wednesday then
set startingDate to theCurrentDate - 2 * days
else if theWeekday = Thursday then
set startingDate to theCurrentDate - 3 * days
else if theWeekday = Friday then
set startingDate to theCurrentDate - 4 * days
else
error number -128
end if
set dateList to {date string of startingDate}
repeat with i from 1 to 4
set theDate to startingDate + i * days
set end of dateList to date string of theDate
end repeat
dateList --> {"Monday, September 6, 2021", "Tuesday, September 7, 2021", "Wednesday, September 8, 2021", "Thursday, September 9, 2021", "Friday, September 10, 2021"}
set {TID, text item delimiters} to {text item delimiters, linefeed}
set dateList to dateList as text
set text item delimiters to TID
dateList -- a string of paragraphs of the dates